Analysis of Protein Content on Commercial Protein Supplement in Indonesia
Abstract
Commercial Protein Supplements that are circulating freely nowadays are consumed not only by athletes but the wider community, especially sports activists who rely upon it to improve performance or merely for aesthetic interests. This study aims to analyze the nutritional content of the five supplements circulating freely in Indonesia to then compare it with the claims on the packaging label. We analyzed five samples of popular supplements in Indonesia obtained online and then tested in three copies for each sample. The actual total protein in the supplement sample is measured using the Kjeldahl method where the appropriate nitrogen material is converted to percentage of protein by multiplying a factor of 6.38 in duplicate. Then the research data processed and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016 computer programs then by Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS), consecutively. Relationships between different tests were evaluated by calculating the relevant correlation coefficients (Pearson linear correlation) (p <0.05). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences between products with different manufacturing processes (p <0.05). Based on the analysis results, only two of the five samples studied has a minimum of 80% compatibility with the claim on the packaging label. Several main factors including inaccurate analysis, preparation processing on products that triggers protein denaturation, inadequate storage, and regulations that have just been set so that producers are still free to write Nutrition Value Information with a fairly low level of accuracy. This research is expected to be able to help the evaluation for producers and the government (BPOM) to be able to provide correct information to consumers so that maximum physiological benefits can be obtained.
Downloads
References
Almeida CC, Monteiro MLG, Costa-Lima BRC da, Alvares TS, and Conte-Junior CA. 2015. In vitro digestibility of commercial whey protein supplements. LWT - Food Science and Technology 61(1)Academic Press, : 7–11, doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.11.038
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis: Changes in Official Methods of Analysis Made at the Annual Meeting. Supplement, Volume 15. Association of Official Analytical Chemists,
Bernard C, Regnault S, Gendreau S, Charbonneau S, and Relkin P. 2011. Enhancement of emulsifying properties of whey proteins by controlling spray-drying parameters. Food Hydrocolloids , doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2010.08.011
Boekel M Van. 1998. Effect of heating on Maillard reactions in milk. Food Chemistry. , doi: 10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00075-2
Børsheim E, Tipton KD, Wolf SE, and Wolfe RR. 2002. Essential amino acids and muscle protein recovery from resistance exercise. American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism 283(4 46-4) American Physiological SocietyBethesda, MD , , doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00466.2001
Chung JE, Stoel L, Xu Y, and Ren J. 2012. Predicting Chinese consumers’ purchase intentions for imported soy-based dietary supplements. British Food Journal 114(1)Emerald Group Publishing Limited, : 143–161, doi: 10.1108/00070701211197419
Close GL, Hamilton DL, Philp A, Burke LM, and Morton JP. 2016. New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 98Elsevier, : 144–158, doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.016
Gabriels G, Lambert M, Smith P, Wiesner L, and Hiss D. 2015. Melamine contamination in nutritional supplements - Is it an alarm bell for the general consumer, athletes, and “Weekend Warriors”? Nutrition Journal 14(1)BioMed Central Ltd., , doi: 10.1186/s12937-015-0055-7
García AL, Raza S, Parrett A, and Wright CM. 2013. Nutritional content of infant commercial weaning foods in the UK. Archives of Disease in Childhood 98(10)BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, : 793–797, doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2012-303386
Gomez-Guillen MC, Gimenez B, Lopez-Caballero ME, and Montero MP. 2011. Functional and bioactive properties of collagen and gelatin from alternative sources: A review. Food Hydrocolloids 25(8): 1813–1827, doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2011.02.007
Indonesian Food and Drug Supervisory Agency. 2019. PERATURAN BADAN PENGAWAS OBAT DAN MAKANAN NOMOR 22 TAHUN 2019 TENTANG INFORMASI NILAI GIZI PADA LABEL PANGAN OLAHANIndonesian Food and Drug Supervisory Agency, Jakarta,
Knapik JJ, Steelman RA, Hoedebecke SS, Austin KG, Farina EK, and Lieberman HR. 2016. Prevalence of Dietary Supplement Use by Athletes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine 46(1)Springer International Publishing, : 103–123, doi: 10.1007/s40279-015-0387-7
Koo YC, Chang JS, and Chen YC. 2018. Food claims and nutrition facts of commercial infant foods. PLoS ONE , doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191982
Kuswari M, Handayani F, Gifari N, and Nuzrina R. 2019. Relationship of Energy Intake, Macro and Micro Nutrients to Physical Fitness of Athletes of Dyva Taekwondo Centre Cibinong. JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga 5(1 SE-Articles), doi: 10.33222/juara.v5i1.572
Le TT, Bhandari B, and Deeth HC. 2011. Chemical and Physical Changes in Milk Protein Concentrate (MPC80) Powder during Storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59(10)American Chemical Society, : 5465–5473, doi: 10.1021/jf2003464
Maughan RJ. 2013. Quality assurance issues in the use of dietary supplements, with special reference to protein supplements. Journal of Nutrition , doi: 10.3945/jn.113.176651
Mountjoy M, Sundgot-Borgen J, Burke L, Ackerman KE, Blauwet C, Constantini N, Lebrun C, Lundy B, Melin A, Torstveit MK et al. 2018. International Olympic Committee (IOC) Consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (red-s): 2018 update. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism , doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0136
Nielsen SS. 2017. Food Analysis Laboratory Manual. Springer International Publishing,
Pellett PL, and Young VR (Vernon R. 1980. Nutritional evaluation of protein foods : report of a working group.
Phillips SM. 2012. Dietary protein requirements and adaptive advantages in athletes. British Journal of Nutrition 108(SUPPL. 2)Cambridge University Press, : S158–S167, doi: 10.1017/S0007114512002516
Rachmayani SA, Kuswari M, and Melani V. 2018. Hubungan Asupan Zat Gizi dan Status Gizi Remaja Putri di SMK Ciawi Bogor. Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition , doi: 10.21776/ub.ijhn.2018.005.02.6
Rufián-Henares JÁ, García-Villanova B, and Guerra-Hernández E. 2004. Generation of Furosine and Color in Infant/Enteral Formula-Resembling Systems. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52(17) American Chemical Society , : 5354–5358, doi: 10.1021/jf040088q
Sánchez-Oliver A, Miranda León MT, and Guerra-Hernández E. 2011. Prevalence of protein supplement use at gyms. Prevalence of protein supplement use at gyms , doi: 10.1590/S0212-16112011000500037
Schönfeldt HC, Hall N, and Pretorius B. 2019. 12th IFDC 2017 Special Issue – High protein sports supplements: Protein quality and label compliance. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 83Academic Press Inc., : 103293, doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103293
Supreme Audit Agency. 1999. UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 8 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMENSupreme Audit Agency,
Tamanna N, and Mahmood N. 2015. Food processing and maillard reaction products: Effect on human health and nutrition. International Journal of Food Science 2015Hindawi Publishing Corporation, , doi: 10.1155/2015/526762
Copyright (c) 2021 Mury Kuswari, Nazhif Gifari, Rachmanida Nuzrina, Suci Justickarin, Anni Fathiya, Falik Hutasuhut
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
