The Relationship of Anxiety, Confidence, and Motivation to the Performance of Volleyball Referees: A Correlation Study

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INTRODUCTION
The development of volleyball in the province of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) is excellent; this is evidenced by volleyball clubs or associations that produce good players.
Many volleyball matches are held in the province of West Nusa Tenggara, both by educational institutions (high school, high school, university) and government agencies (Dikbudpora). (Muskanan, 2015) shows that the contribution or contribution of aspects on internal and external variables to athletes' achievement motivation has a significant contribution to athletes' achievement motivation.
Success and success in the implementation of volleyball matches are determined by many supporting factors, including players, coaches, officials, medical officers, spectators, security officers, and match equipment consisting of referee 1, referee 2, scorer, and lines judge (Mangkunegara, 2000). The referee is one of the essential components in the implementation and development of volleyball matches whose existence will determine the quality of the resulting volleyball game.
In a competition, according to (Sudarmanto, 2015), There are psychological factors that have a negative impact and a positive impact on the referee. As it is known that human feelings are positive and there are negative feelings, anxiety is defined as a specific negative emotional response to competitive stress (Tamminen et al., 2021).
Anxiety occurs because the audience factor most influences the volleyball referee.
Anxiety is associated with negative emotions, as are doubts and depression. (Weinberg & Gould, 2011) explains that anxiety is a negative emotional state in which feelings of nervousness, worry, and fear are associated with activation and stimulation of the body.
Lack of control over emotions in the face of internal and external pressures can cause anxiety (Dahriyanto, 2018).
Further stated by (Gunarsa, 2012), anxiety is a mental tension usually accompanied by bodily disorders that cause the individual to feel helpless and experience fatigue because he always has to be in a state of alertness to threats that are not clear.
Anxiety is an emotion that exists in an uncertain person and is considered selfthreatening (Nissa, 2021).
It can be concluded that anxiety is a negative emotional process characterized by fear or worry about the threat of danger to himself. It will affect performance when carrying out tasks, such as the volleyball referee leading a match.
While self-confidence is associated with positive emotions, such as joy and happiness, self-confidence can be used as an essential factor in interpreting the symptoms of anxiety before leading a match. This means that self-confidence will cause positive emotions; when the referee is confident, the referee will feel calm and relaxed even though he is under pressure. Furthermore (Pelletier, 2016) in defining "self-confidence as a belief that a person has internal resources, especially the ability to achieve success, it means that self-confidence is rooted in beliefs and expectations".
Confidence can be concluded that the positive emotional process that will lead to a feeling of confidence can carry out a task well so that negative emotional factors can be overcome with the confidence of a volleyball referee. The referee must have an extreme mentality to lead the match well and smoothly, and the referee must also have a strong confidence level. According to (Sriyono, 2017), Self-confidence is one aspect of the character that is very meaningful in human life. Confident people feel confident in their skills and have realistic expectations, especially when their hopes do not come true; they always think positively and can accept them.
Self-confidence gives encouragement and motivation to someone to work and dare to show their strengths so that it can affect the satisfaction of the success achieved (Apriansyah et al., 2017). Meanwhile, according to (Hassandra, 2003), selfconfidence is an attitude of confidence in one's own ability to fulfil every desire and hope.
Another factor that can improve the performance of volleyball referees is the motivation factor, the motivation a referee must have in leading the match. High motivation will help smooth the match to achieve optimal results, and motivational support is an essential part of the goal structure (Salimi et al., 2022). Motivation makes a person always give the best results and show a positive attitude (Mallett et al., 2007).
Motivation plays a vital role in human efforts to achieve the desired goals. Good motivation allows each individual to work better in his group (Rumhadi, 2017).
Motivation is the accumulation of processes that affect a person's behaviour, and the behaviour is directed at the goal of achieving the ultimate goal (Ranihusna, 2010). In carrying out his duties, a volleyball referee certainly has an impetus that makes the spirit in leading the match; the encouragement or motivation can come from oneself (intrinsic) or outside (extrinsic). Therefore, motivation plays an essential role in helping to determine the success or failure of the referee in carrying out the task of leading the match.

Findings
Initial data analysis before hypothesis testing was carried out, namely descriptive and data normality testing. It is necessary to know the general description of the data and the normal distribution of research data.

Discussion
The Relationship of Anxiety to the

Performance of Volleyball Referees
The results of the correlation analysis showed that the correlation between anxiety and the performance of volleyball referees was 0.387. This shows a low relationship between anxiety and the performance of volleyball referees. This is because the referee's anxiety will hurt the referee's performance; the referee with severe anxiety will provide a psychological burden in leading the match that will impact the referee's performance. This is in line with research (Muhammad et al., 2016) that there is a significant relationship between anxiety and the performance of volleyball referees in Tasikmalaya Regency. In line with the statement (Xu & Liu, 2021), the anxiety experienced by the referee when carrying out their duties will affect the performance produced by the person; self-anxiety starts from not believing in yourself to do everything.
When conducting interviews with volleyball referees, when leading the match or before the match started, the referee experienced anxiety, one of which was caused by the audience factor and the game's intensity. A faster heart rate and urination characterize it. To minimize their anxiety, they perform various activities such as praying, stretching, checking match equipment, and so on.

Performance of Volleyball Referees
The results of the correlation analysis According to (Myilsidayu, 2014), selfconfidence is one's own ability to be able to achieve specific achievements, and if the achievement is high, the individual will become more self-confident. (Oktyama & Wahyudin, 2020) explains that self-confidence is a positive attitude of an individual to feel that he has competence, ability and confidence and is confident that he can develop a positive assessment of himself or the environment/situation he faces to achieve the desired goals.

Performance of Volleyball Referees
The results of the correlation analysis This is under what was conveyed by the volleyball referee during the interview. The volleyball referee said their motivation to become a referee was to contribute to their respective areas so that the volleyball game could develop. When leading the match, they felt happy to be known by others and find colleagues.
As revealed by (Kuswoyo et al., 2017), someone who has high motivation both internally and externally will increase the individual's performance. This shows that if a referee leading a match has a high motivation, it will have a good impact on the referee's performance. Motivation is a force in a person that drives or moves him to fulfil his basic needs and desires, and motivation is a critical element in improving work productivity (Andjarwati, 2015).

The Relationship of Anxiety and
Confidence to the Performance of

Volleyball Referees
The results of the correlation analysis showed that the correlation between anxiety and confidence in the performance of volleyball referees was 0.501. This shows a reasonably strong relationship between anxiety and confidence in the performance of volleyball referees.
This is in line with research (Supriyatni, 2021 (Andjarwati, 2015), The need for achievement (Achieve) includes the desire to master objects, ideas, or other people independently and to increase one's self-confidence through practice.

The Relationship between Anxiety and
Motivation on the Performance of

Volleyball Referees
The results of the correlation analysis showed that the correlation between anxiety and motivation in the performance of volleyball referees was 0.679. This shows a strong relationship between anxiety and motivation in the performance of volleyball referees. This is in line with research (Cristóbal, 2013) that each type of anxiety has a relationship with performance.

The Relationship of Confidence and
Motivation to the Performance of Volleyball

Referees
The results of the correlation analysis showed that the correlation between selfconfidence and motivation in the performance of volleyball referees was 0.651. This shows a strong relationship between self-confidence and motivation in the performance of volleyball referees. As revealed by (Sahudi, 2014) that the performance of volleyball referees is influenced by individual factors such as psychological factors, which include self-confidence and motivation. According to (Cookson & Stirk, 2019), psychological skills should be given serious attention to improving referees' performance further.

Volleyball Referees
The correlation analysis results showed a significant relationship between anxiety, self-confidence and motivation with the performance of volleyball referees, which was 0.684. This shows a strong relationship between anxiety, confidence and motivation with the performance of volleyball referees.